Validity requirements and recommended acts
Distinguish prayer pillars from sunnah ab'ad and sunnah hai'ah, including when sujud sahwi is recommended.
In the Shafi'i school, pillars such as al-Fatihah must be fulfilled for a valid prayer. Reciting another surah after al-Fatihah is sunnah hai'ah; omitting it does not invalidate the prayer and does not call for sujud sahwi. The Federal Territories Mufti Office explains this.
The first tashahhud is sunnah ab'ad, rather than a pillar. If missed, the prayer remains valid and sujud sahwi is recommended according to the Federal Territories Mufti Office. The final tashahhud is different: it is among the pillars.
This is an educational summary, not a ruling for every situation. For specific cases, consult JAKIM i-Fiqh or a local mufti office.
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Official references
Related prayer time guides
Educational summary — verify with JAKIM/i-Fiqh for authoritative rulings.
Times here are matched from JAKIM e-Solat. This is not an official government site. If anything differs, check e-solat.gov.my or ask your mosque imam.